When a vertical structure, such as a column subjected to vertical loads, experiences lateral displacement, an additional moment is induced in the member due to the axial forces acting on it.
This phenomenon is known as the P-Delta effect, representing the nonlinear geometric effect where the displacement caused by the primary load results in secondary axial forces.
The P-Delta effect can be broadly categorized into Big P-Delta Effect and Small P-Delta Effect:
Big P-Delta Effect
This occurs when there is a difference in displacement at the top and bottom of the column due to horizontal loads.
The vertical loads applied to this displacement difference lead to the generation of additional moments.
Small P-Delta Effect
In this case, the vertical loads cause a change in the vertical member's geometric stiffness, resulting in additional moments.
The effect is associated with alterations in the structural geometry induced by the vertical loads.
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