How do we distinguish the arch bridge according to the deck position?
What is an arch bridge?
An arch bridge is a bridge with curved arches at both ends, as the name suggests.
The arches support the weight of the bridge and the applied load by transmitting horizontal thrust through the arch endpoints. While long arch-shaped arcades can be used in the construction of viaducts(long span bridges), today, various cost-effective structures are more commonly used due to various reasons.
👇You can easily understand the classification of arch bridges based on deck placement through the following video.
The fundamental principle of arch bridges lies in their curved design. Instead of moving the load vertically downward, they transmit it horizontally through the supports at both ends of the arch. These supports, known as abutments, bear the weight of the entire bridge and maintain the arch in a stable and immobile position. The central keystone at the top of the arch is used to transmit force across the arch, pushing against the surrounding rocks, creating a very stable and robust structure.
Types of Arch Bridges
Deck Arch Bridge
The deck of these bridges is located directly on top of the arch, supporting vehicle loads directly. These bridges consist of a complete arch with the deck over it, and the spandrels become the space between the arch and the deck. If the spandrels are sturdy, the bridge is referred to as a closed spandrel deck arch bridge, as seen in stone or masonry arch bridges. When the deck is supported by multiple vertical columns rising from the arch, it is called an open spandrel deck arch bridge.
Through or Half-through Arch Bridges
The deck of these bridges is situated within the arch.
Also known as half-through arch bridges, they are constructed using reinforced concrete or steel. They have an arch with a top allowing the deck to pass through, either below or above. Similar to tied-arch bridges, the central portion of the deck is supported by hangers or tie bars connected to the arch. Like deck arch bridges, the ends of the bridge can be supported from below, and the section supported by the lower arch may have closed or open spandrels.
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